The
Age of Romanticism
Romanticism
- is
the age of artistic and intellectual
movement that began in Europe in the late 18th century to the mid-19th
century
- the
romantics rejected science and reason and instead, embraced nature, emotion and
individual experience. This rebellious ideas inspired the romantics to champion
the rights of the common people.
Historical events during the
age of romanticism
Defending equality and human
rights, the French Revolution inspired revolutions across Europe.
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1792
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France was declared a republic
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1793
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Mass execution was carried out as The reign of Terror
begins
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1804
|
Napoleon crowns
himself emperor of France
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1812
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Napoleon invades Russia
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1815
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Napoleon was defeated by British allies in Waterloo
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1837
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Victoria becomes the Queen of Great Britain
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1848
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Riots and strikes
break out in industrial regions of England
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Qualities
of Romanticism
- Imagination,
spontaneity, intuition
Imagination is the primary faculty for
creating all art.
- Exotic
Romantics were also fascinated with realms of
existence that were, by definition, prior to or opposed to the ordered
conceptions of "objective" reason. There is certain unusal and
beliefs on supernatural beings
- Love
of nature
Particular perspectives with regard to
nature varied considerably--nature as a healing power, nature as a source of
subject and image, nature as a refuge from the artificial constructs of
civilization, including artificial language--the prevailing views accorded
nature the status of an organically unified whole
- Emphasis
on freedom and individualism
The Romantics asserted the importance of
the individual, the unique, even the eccentric. It is often subjected to the
triumph of a person over sin.
- Faith
in common people
unlike neo classicist,
romantics emphasize and reflects on the experiences of childhood,
unsophisticated societies of the common people
- Idealization
of everyday living
Romantic artists often turned for their
symbols to folk legends and older, who used "the language of commen
men," not an artificial and to children (for the first time presented as
individuals, and often idealized as sources of greater wisdom than adults).
Famous Writers During Romanticism
1.
Walt
Whitman
2.
Edgar
Allan Poe
3.
Mary
Shelley
4.
Percy
Bysshe
5.
Samuel
Taylor Coleridge
6.
William
Wordsworth
7.
Lord
Byron
8.
William
Blake
9.
Johann
Wolfgang von Goethe
10.
Leo
Tolstoy
11.
Heinrich
Heine
12.
Victor
Hugo
Famous Works and Writers in the Age of Romanticism
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German wirter, pictorial
artist, biologist, theoretical physicist, and polymath. He is considered the supreme genius of
modern German
literature. His works
span the fields of poetry, drama, prose, philosophy,
and science.
His Faust
has been called the greatest long poem of modern European literature. His other
well-known literary works include his numerous poems, the Bildungsroman Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship,
and the epistolary
novel The Sorrows of Young Werther.
Goethe
was one of the key figures of German
literature and the
movement of Weimar
Classicism in the late
18th and early 19th centuries; this movement coincides with Enlightenment, Sentimentalism (Empfindsamkeit), Sturm und
Drang andRomanticism.
The author of the scientific text Theory of
Colours, his influential ideas on plant and animal morphology and homology were
extended and developed by 19th century naturalists including Charles
Darwin.[4] He also served at length as the Privy
Councilor of the duchy of Saxe-Weimar.
FAUST
Ø Author:
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Ø Language:
German
Ø Title of the
Entire Work: Faust.
Ø Genre: Faust is
a both a play and an epic. Although Goethe classes the first and second parts
as tragedies, the work ends happily after Faust dies and goes to
heaven.
Ø Settings
. The action takes place in Heaven, on earth on the European continent, and in chimerical locales.
. The action takes place in Heaven, on earth on the European continent, and in chimerical locales.
Ø Main
Characters
.Protagonist: Faust
Antagonist: Mephistopheles
.Protagonist: Faust
Antagonist: Mephistopheles
The Lord
Raphael, Michael, Gabriel: Archangels.
Faust: Scholar, medical doctor, and magician.
Mephistopheles: The devil.
Wagner: Faust's assistant.
Margaret (Also Called Gretchen): Young woman who attracts Faust.
Valentine: Brother of Margaret.
Martha: Margaret's Neighbor.
Homonculus: Tiny man created by Wagner.
Emperor: Ruler of a domain saved by Mephistopheles and Faust.
Helen of Troy: Mythological figure of extraordinary beauty.
Euphorion: Son of Faust and Helen of Troy.
Numerous Other Mythological Figures
Witches, Spirits, Soldiers, Students
Tavern Revelers
Raphael, Michael, Gabriel: Archangels.
Faust: Scholar, medical doctor, and magician.
Mephistopheles: The devil.
Wagner: Faust's assistant.
Margaret (Also Called Gretchen): Young woman who attracts Faust.
Valentine: Brother of Margaret.
Martha: Margaret's Neighbor.
Homonculus: Tiny man created by Wagner.
Emperor: Ruler of a domain saved by Mephistopheles and Faust.
Helen of Troy: Mythological figure of extraordinary beauty.
Euphorion: Son of Faust and Helen of Troy.
Numerous Other Mythological Figures
Witches, Spirits, Soldiers, Students
Tavern Revelers
Themes
¢
Salvation
Through Striving
¢
Quest
for Knowledge
¢
Lack
of Fulfillment
¢
Deception
¢
Life
Is Worth Living
Lev
Nikolayevich Tolstoy known in the West as Leo Tolstoy (September 9, 1828 – November 20, 1910)
was a Russian writer who primarily wrote novels and short stories. Later in life,
he also wrote plays and essays. His two most famous works, the novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina,
are acknowledged as two of the greatest novels of all time and a pinnacle of realist fiction. Many consider
Tolstoy to have been one of the world's greatest novelists. Tolstoy is equally known for his
complicated and paradoxical persona and for his extreme moralistic and ascetic
views, which he adopted after a moral crisis and spiritual awakening in the 1870s, after which he also became noted as a moral thinker
and social reformer.
Tolstoy also achieved world renown as a moral and religious
teacher. His doctrine of nonresistance to evil had an important influence on
Gandhi. Although Tolstoy's religious ideas no longer command the respect they
once did, interest in his life and personality has, if anything, increased over
the years
GOD SEES THE TRUTH BUT WAITS
Ø Author: Leo Tolstoy
Ø Genre: short story
Ø Setting: in Vladimir town, and in
Siberia
Ø Characters:
Aksenov - young merchant who live in
Vladimir
Vanya - the wife of Aksenov
Makar - the man who caused Aksenov sufferings
Vanya - the wife of Aksenov
Makar - the man who caused Aksenov sufferings
Ø Theme:
§ Social injustice
§ Giving up material things
§ Forgiveness
§ Faith
Christian Johann Heinrich Heine (13 December 1797 –
17 February 1856) was one of the most significant German poets of the 19th century. He was also a journalist, essayist, and literary critic. He is best known outside Germany for his early lyric poetry, which was set to
music in the form of Lieder (art songs) by composers such
as Robert Schumann and Franz Schubert. Heine's later
verse and prose is distinguished by its satirical wit and irony. His radical
political views led to many of his works being banned by German authorities.
Heine spent the last 25 years of his life as an expatriate in Paris.
THE LOTUS FLOWER
The Lotus flower shudders
When the Sun brings forth his light.
She droops her head in slumber
To dream in wait for the night
When the Sun brings forth his light.
She droops her head in slumber
To dream in wait for the night
The moon is the Lotus' lover.
He wakes her with bright grace
Before him she will gladly uncover
Her flower's devoted face.
He wakes her with bright grace
Before him she will gladly uncover
Her flower's devoted face.
She shines and glows and blossoms
And mutely gazes above.
She sighs and weeps and trembles
With love and the woe of love.
And mutely gazes above.
She sighs and weeps and trembles
With love and the woe of love.
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